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We study two types of active (self-propelled) macroscopic particles underconfinement: camphor surfers and hexbug crawlers, using a combinedexperimental, theoretical, and numerical approach. Unlike widely studiedmicroscopic active particles and swimmers, where thermal forces are oftenimportant and inertia is negligible, our macroscopic particles exhibit complexdynamics due expressly to active non-thermal noise combined with inertialeffects. Strong confinement induces accumulation at a finite distance withinthe boundary and gives rise to three distinguishable dynamical states; bothdepending on activity and inertia. These surprisingly complex dynamics arisealready at the single particle level -- highlighting the importance of inertiain macroscopic active matter.

Surfing and crawling macroscopic active particles under strong confinement -- inertial dynamics