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Several methods for handling sloping fluid-solid interfaces with the elasticparabolic equation are tested. A single-scattering approach that is modifiedfor the fluid-solid case is accurate for some problems but breaks down when thecontrast across the interface is sufficiently large and when there is a Scholtewave. An approximate condition for conserving energy breaks down when a Scholtewave propagates along a sloping interface but otherwise performs well for alarge class of problems involving gradual slopes, a wide range of sedimentparameters, and ice cover. An approach based on treating part of the fluidlayer as a solid with low shear speed handles Scholte waves and a wide range ofsediment parameters accurately, but this approach needs further development.The variable rotated parabolic equation is not effective for problems involvingfrequent or continuous changes in slope, but it provides a high level ofaccuracy for most of the test cases, which have regions of constant slope.Approaches based on a coordinate mapping and on using a film of solid materialwith low shear speed on the rises of the stair steps that approximate a slopinginterface are also tested and found to produce accurate results for some cases.

Approaches for handling sloping fluid-solid interfaces with the parabolic equation method