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Models are centrally important in many scientific fields. A model is arepresentation of a selected part of the world, which is the model s targetsystem. Here, a system consists of a software portion as a component among manyothers. Event-B is a modeling method for formalizing and developing systemswhose components can be modeled based on set theory and first-order logic. Thethinging machine (TM) is a diagram-based model establishes three levels ofrepresentation: (1) a static structural description, which is constructed uponthe flow of things in five generic operations (activities; i.e., create,process, release, transfer, and receive); (2) a dynamic representation, whichidentifies hierarchies of events based on five generic events; and (3) abehavioral representation according to the chronology of events. This paper isan exercise in contrasting the formal Event-B to the diagrammatic TM. Thepurpose is to further understand modeling in computer science. This ismotivated by the claim that computer scientists should not invent specificlanguages to do the modeling. Important notions such as events and behavior arecontrasted, and a case study system of traffic on a bridge is modeled inEvent-B and TM. The results seem to indicate the need for both modelingapproaches.

Modeling Physical/Digital Systems: Formal Event-B vs. Diagrammatic Thinging Machine