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Vapor-cell devices based on microwave interrogation provide a stablefrequency reference with a compact and robust setup. Further miniaturizationmust focus on optimizing the physics package, containing the microwave cavityand atomic reservoir. In this paper we present a compact cavity-cell assemblybased on a dielectric-loaded cylindrical resonator. The structure accommodatesa clock cell with $0.9 \, \mathrm{cm^3}$ inner volume and has an outer volumeof only $35 \, \mathrm{cm^3}$. The proposed design aims at strongly reducingthe core of the atomic clock, maintaining at the same time high-performingshort-term stability ($\sigma_y(\tau) \leq 5\times 10^{-13} \,\tau^{-1/2}$standard Allan deviation). The proposed structure is characterized in terms ofmagnetic field uniformity and atom-field coupling with the aid offinite-elements calculations. The thermal sensitivity is also analyzed andexperimentally characterized. We present preliminary spectroscopy results byintegrating the compact cavity within a rubidium clock setup based on thepulsed optically pumping technique. The obtained clock signals are compatiblewith the targeted performances. The loaded-cavity approach is thus a viabledesign option for miniaturized microwave clocks.

Loaded microwave cavity for compact vapor-cell clocks