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Lead halide perovskite-based photoactive layers are nowadays employed for alarge number of optoelectronic applications, from solar cells to photodetectorsand light-emitting diodes, because of their excellent absorption, emission andcharge-transport properties. Unfortunately, their commercialization is stillhindered by an intrinsic instability towards classical environmentalconditions. Water in particular promotes fast decomposition, leading to adrastic decrease in device performance. An innovative functional approach toovercome this major issue could derive from integrating water-splitting activespecies within charge extracting layers adjacent to the perovskite photoactivelayer, converting incoming water molecules into molecular oxygen and hydrogenbefore they reach this last one, thus preserving device performance in time. Inthis work we report for the first time on a perovskite-ancillary layer based onCuSCN nanoplateletes dispersed in a p-type semiconducting polymeric matrix,combining hole extraction/transport properties with good water-oxidationactivity, that transforms incoming water molecules and further triggers the insitu p-doping of the conjugated polymer by means of the produced dioxygen,further improving transport of photogenerated charges. This composite layerenables the long-term stabilization of a mixed cation lead halide perovskitewithin a direct solar cell architecture, maintaining a stable performance for28 days in high-moisture simulated conditions. Our findings demonstrate thatthe engineering of a hole extraction layer with water-splitting activeadditives represent a valuable strategy to mitigate the degradation ofperovskite solar cells exposed to atmospheric humidity. A similar approachcould be employed in the future to improve stabilities of other optoelectronicdevices based on water-sensitive species.

Turning bad into good: a water-splitting-active hole transporting  material to preserve the performance of perovskite solar cells in humid  environments