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Terrestrial planets in temperate orbits around very low mass stars are likelyto have evolved in a very different way than solar system planets, and inparticular Earth. However, because these are the first planets that are andwill be accessible for in-depth atmosphere, clouds and surfacecharacterizations with existing and forthcoming telescopes, we need to developthe best possible observational strategies to maximize the scientific returnfrom these characterizations. Here I discuss and expand on the recent works ofBean et al. (2017) and Turbet et al. (2019) to show that terrestrial planetsorbiting in temperate orbits around very low mass stars are potentially anexcellent sample of planets to test how universal the processes thought tocontrol the habitability of solar system planets and in particular Earth are.Precise measurements of density or atmospheric CO2 concentration for planetslocated both inside and outside the Habitable Zone could be used tostatistically test habitability concepts such as the silicate-weatheringfeedback, CO2 condensation, or runaway greenhouse, which have been identifiedas key processes controlling the present and past habitability of Venus, Marsand Earth.

Two examples of how to use observations of terrestrial planets orbiting  in temperate orbits around low mass stars to test key concepts of planetary  habitability