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This paper investigates the chattering and deadlock behaviors of theproportional-integral (PI) controller with an anti-windup (AW) limiterrecommended by the IEEE Standard 421.5-2016. Depending on the simulationmethod, the controller may enter a chattering or deadlock state in somecombinations of parameters and inputs. Chattering and deadlock are analyzed inthe context of three numerical integration approaches: explicit partitionedmethod (EPM), execution-list based method (ELM), and implicit trapezoidalmethod (ITM). This paper derives the chattering stop condition for EPM and ELP,and analyzes the impacts of step size and convergence tolerance forsimultaneous method. The deduced chattering stop conditions and deadlockbehavior is verified with numerical simulations.

On the Modeling and Simulation of Anti-Windup Proportional-Integral Controller