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The applicability of Doppler radar for gait analysis is investigated byquantitatively comparing the measured biomechanical parameters to thoseobtained using motion capturing and ground reaction forces. Nineteenindividuals walked on a treadmill at two different speeds, where a radar systemwas positioned in front of or behind the subject. The right knee angle wasconfined by an adjustable orthosis in five different degrees. Eleven gaitparameters are extracted from radar micro-Doppler signatures. Here, new methodsfor obtaining the velocities of individual lower limb joints are proposed.Further, a new method to extract individual leg flight times from radar data isintroduced. Based on radar data, five spatiotemporal parameters related torhythm and pace could reliably be extracted. Further, for most of theconsidered conditions, three kinematic parameters could accurately be measured.The radar-based stance and flight time measurements rely on the correctdetection of the time instant of maximal knee velocity during the gait cycle.This time instant is reliably detected when the radar has a back view, but isunderestimated when the radar is positioned in front of the subject. Theresults validate the applicability of Doppler radar to accurately measure avariety of medically relevant gait parameters. Radar has the potential tounobtrusively diagnose changes in gait, e.g., to design training in preventionand rehabilitation. As contact-less and privacy-preserving sensor, radarpresents a viable technology to supplement existing gait analysis tools forlong-term in-home examinations.

Doppler Radar for the Extraction of Biomechanical Parameters in Gait Analysis