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Controlled plastic forming of nanoscale metallic objects by applyingmechanical load is a challenge, since defect-free nanocrystals usually yield atnear theoretical shear strength, followed by an uncontrolled catastrophicfailure. Herein, instead of mechanical load, we utilize chemical stress fromimbalanced interdiffusion to manipulate the shape of nanowhiskers. BimetallicAu-Fe nanowhiskers with an ultra-high bending strength were synthesizedemploying the molecular beam epitaxy technique. The one-sided Fe coating on thedefect-free, single-crystalline Au nanowhisker exhibited both single- andpoly-crystalline regions. Annealing the bimetallic nanowhiskers at elevatedtemperatures led to gradual change of curvature and irreversible bending, whichis attributed to the grain boundary Kirkendall effect during the diffusion ofAu along the grain boundaries in the Fe layer. The results of this studydemonstrate a high potential of chemical interdiffusion in the controlledplastic forming of ultra-strong metal nanostructures.

Plastic forming of metals at the nanoscale: interdiffusion-induced bending of bimetallic nanowhiskers