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Domain walls are functionally different from the domains they separate, butlittle is known about their mechanical properties. Using scanning probemicroscopy, we have measured the mechanical response of ferroelectric 180odomain walls and observed that, despite separating domains that aremechanically identical (non-ferroelastic), the walls are mechanically distinct-- softer -- compared to the domains. This effect has been observed indifferent ferroelectric materials (LiNbO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3) and with differentmorphologies (from single crystals to thin films) so it appears to beuniversal. We propose a theoretical framework that explains the domain wallsoftening and justifies that the effect should be common to all ferroelectrics.

Ferroelectric 180 degree walls are mechanically softer than the domains they separate