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There are a number of different stem cell sources that have the potential tobe used as therapeutics in vascular degenerative diseases. On the one hand,there are so called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are typicallyderived from adult blood. They carry the marker CD34, but the true nature anddefinition of EPCs is still controversial. On the other hand, there areembryonic precursors of endothelial cells (PECs), which also express CD34, andcan be differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotentstem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. In this study, it was aimed to compare these twodifferent CD34 positive cell populations by full genome transcriptionalprofiling (RNAseq). To this end, we firstly optimised a PEC differentiationprotocol and found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is criticalfor the transition of cells from mesodermal precursors to PECs. Additionally,principal component analysis (PCA) of RNAseq data showed that blood-derivedEPCs clustered far from iPS-derived PECs which illustrates these populationsare fundamentally different. This data will be useful to better define thesecell populations and facilitating the translation of regenerative approaches inthis field as well as providing potentially novel diagnostic tools.

Transcriptional profiling reveals fundamental differences in iPS-derived progenitors of endothelial cells (PECs) versus adult circulating EPCs