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Google recently announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy with 53qubits (base-2 binaries or radix-2), corresponding to a computationalstate-space of dimension 253 (about 1016). Google claimed to performcomputations that took 200 seconds on their quantum processor that would havetaken 10,000 years to accomplish on a classical supercomputer [1]. However,achieving superposition and entanglement of 53 qubits is not an easy task giventhe environmental noise that decoheres the qubits. In this paper, we claim thatone can potentially achieve a similar computational dimension with fewer qudits(not qubits) where each qudit is of a higher radix (greater than 2) using aphotonics system (i.e. 16 qudits with radix-10). This paper is a collaborativedevelopment between industry and NxGen Partners to explore such an approach.There is a Raytheon technology that uses a Free-Space Optical (FSO) Fabry-PerotEtalon that eliminates the need for adaptive optics [2, 3]. The NxGentechnology uses multiple Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes as a new degreeof freedom for quantum computing and a multi-dimensional QKD [4-7]. We alsoclaim that the convergence of both broadband, secure communications, quantumcomputing and quantum teleportation is only possible in a photonicsrealization. Therefore, the use of photonic qudits allows the extension ofsecurity and capacity of the quantum teleportation beyond what was achieved byChinese Micius quantum satellite [8]. Both the defense and commercial computingindustries need such quantum computing systems. A new measure is introducedwith computational state-space dimension, high-fidelity operations, highconnectivity, large calibrated gate sets, and circuit rewriting toolchains.This new measure which we call quantum capacity is a practical way to measureand compare progress toward improved system structure of a universal quantumcomputer.

Multi-Photon, Multi-Dimensional Hyper-Entanglement using Higher-Order  Radix qudits with Applications to Quantum Computing, QKD and Quantum  Teleportation