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Structural similarity (SSIM)-based distortion $D_\text{SSIM}$ is moreconsistent with human perception than the traditional mean squared error$D_\text{MSE}$. To achieve better video quality, many studies on optimal bitallocation (OBA) and rate-distortion optimization (RDO) used $D_\text{SSIM}$ asthe distortion metric. However, many of them failed to optimize OBA and RDOjointly based on SSIM, thus causing a non-optimal R-$D_\text{SSIM}$performance. This problem is due to the lack of an accurate R-$D_\text{SSIM}$model that can be used uniformly in both OBA and RDO. To solve this problem, wepropose a $D_\text{SSIM}$-$D_\text{MSE}$ model first. Based on this model, thecomplex R-$D_\text{SSIM}$ cost in RDO can be calculated as simplerR-$D_\text{MSE}$ cost with a new SSIM-related Lagrange multiplier. This notonly reduces the computation burden of SSIM-based RDO, but also enables theR-$D_\text{SSIM}$ model to be uniformly used in OBA and RDO. Moreover, with thenew SSIM-related Lagrange multiplier in hand, the joint relationship ofR-$D_\text{SSIM}$-$\lambda_\text{SSIM}$ (the negative derivative ofR-$D_\text{SSIM}$) can be built, based on which the R-$D_\text{SSIM}$ modelparameters can be calculated accurately. With accurate and unifiedR-$D_\text{SSIM}$ model, SSIM-based OBA and SSIM-based RDO are unified togetherin our scheme, called SOSR. Compared with the HEVC reference encoder HM16.20,SOSR saves 4%, 10%, and 14% bitrate under the same SSIM in all-intra,hierarchical and non-hierarchical low-delay-B configurations, which is superiorto other state-of-the-art schemes.

SSIM-Based CTU-Level Joint Optimal Bit Allocation and Rate Distortion Optimization