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We measured 304 absorption features in the ultraviolet and visible spectra ofthe star 51 Oph, which is known to have a debris disk with a high inclination.We analyzed the relative populations of atoms in excited fine-structure andmetastable levels that are maintained by optical pumping and collisionalexcitation by electrons, and we found that most of the gas is situated at about6AU from the star, has an electron volume density $10^5 < n(e) < 3\times10^6{\rm cm}^{-3}$, and a temperature T=8000K. Our interpretations reveal thatthe gas is partly ionized, has a column density of neutral hydrogen equal to$10^{21}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$, and has a composition similar to that of a mildlydepleted interstellar medium or that of Jupiter-family comets. Compared toresults for disks around some other stars, such as $\beta$ Pic and 49 Cet, wefind surprisingly little neutral carbon. No molecular features were detected,which indicates that our line of sight misses the molecule-rich central planeof the disk. The tilt of the disk is also validated by our being able to detectresonant scattering of the starlight by oxygen atoms.

The Composition, Excitation, and Physical State of Atomic Gas in the Debris Disk Surrounding 51 Oph