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Electromagnetic (EM) vector sensor arrays can track both the polarisation anddirection of arrival (DOA) of the impinging signals. For linear crossed-dipolearrays, as shown by our analysis, due to inherent limitation of the structure,it can only track one DOA parameter and two polarisation parameters. For fullfour-dimensional (4-D, 2 DOA and 2 polarization parameters) estimation, wecould extend the linear crossed-dipole array to the planar case. In this paper,instead of extending the array geometry, we replace the crossed-dipoles bytripoles and construct a linear tripole array. It is proved that such astructure can estimate the 2-D DOA and 2-D polarisation information effectivelyin general and a dimension-reduction based MUSIC algorithm is developed so thatthe 4-D estimation problem can be simplified into two separate 2-D estimationproblems, significantly reducing the computational complexity of the solution.The Cramr-Rao Bound (CRB) is also derived as a reference for algorithmperformance. A brief comparison between the planar crossed-dipole array and thelinear tripole array is performed at last, showing that although the planarstructure has a better performance, it is achieved at the cost of increasedphysical size.

Study of Four-Dimensional DOA and Polarisation Estimation with Crossed-dipole and Tripole Arrays