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Layered 2D GO films are integrated with silicon on insulator (SOI) nanowirewaveguides to experimentally demonstrate an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity,observed through selfphase modulation (SPM). The GO films are integrated withSOI nanowires using a large area, transfer free, layer by layer coating methodthat yields precise control of the film thickness. The film placement andcoating length are controlled by opening windows in the silica cladding of theSOI nanowires. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires andthe highly nonlinear GO films, the Kerr nonlinearity of the hybrid waveguidesis significantly enhanced. Detailed SPM measurements using picosecond opticalpulses show significant spectral broadening enhancement for SOI nanowirescoated with 2.2 mm long films of 1 to 3 layers of GO, and 0.4 mm long filmswith 5 to 20 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, thedependence of the n2 for GO on layer number and pulse energy is obtained,showing interesting physical insights and trends of the layered GO films from2D monolayers to quasi bulk like behavior. Finally, we show that by coating SOInanowires with GO films the effective nonlinear parameter of SOI nanowires isincreased 16 times, with the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM)increasing by about 20 times to greater than 5. These results reveal the strongpotential of using layered GO films to improve the Kerr nonlinear opticalperformance of silicon photonic devices.

Enhanced nonlinear optical figure-of-merit at 1550nm for silicon nanowires integrated with graphene oxide layered films