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Test-driven Development (TDD) is an incremental approach to softwaredevelopment. Despite it is claimed to improve both quality of software anddevelopers' productivity, the research on the claimed effects of TDD has so farshown inconclusive results. Some researchers have ascribed these inconclusiveresults to the negative affective states that TDD would provoke. A previous(baseline) experiment has, therefore, studied the affective reactions of(novice) developers---i.e., 29 third-year undergraduates in Computer Science(CS)---when practicing TDD to implement software. To validate the results ofthe baseline experiment, we conducted a replicated experiment that studies theaffective reactions of novice developers when applying TDD to develop software.Developers in the treatment group carried out a development task using TDD,while those in the control group used a non-TDD approach. To measure theaffective reactions of developers, we used the Self-Assessment Manikininstrument complemented with a liking dimension. The most important differencesbetween the baseline and replicated experiments are: (i) the kind of novicedevelopers involved in the experiments---third-year vs. second-yearundergraduates in CS from two different universities; and (ii) theirnumber---29 vs. 59. The results of the replicated experiment do not show anydifference in the affective reactions of novice developers. Instead, theresults of the baseline experiment suggest that developers seem to like TDDless as compared to a non-TDD approach and that developers following TDD seemto like implementing code less than the other developers, while testing codeseems to make them less happy.

Results from a replicated experiment on the affective reactions of novice developers when applying test-driven development