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Dielectric materials, with high tunability at microwave frequencies, are keycomponents in the design of microwave communication systems. DenseBa0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) ceramics, with different grain sizes, were prepared inorder to optimise the dielectric tunability via polar nano cluster effects.Dielectric permittivity and loss measurements were carried at both high and lowfrequencies and were supported by results from X-ray powder diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy andpiezoresponse force microscopy. The concentration of polar nano clusters, whosesizes are found to be in the range 20 to 50 nm, and the dielectric tunabilityincrease with increasing grain size. A novel method for measurement of themicrowave tunability in bulk dielectrics is presented. The highest tunabilityof 32% is achieved in ceramics with an average grain size of 10 um. Thetunability of BST ceramics with applied DC field is demonstrated in a prototypesmall resonant antenna.

Polar nano-clusters in nominally paraelectric ceramics demonstrating high microwave tunability for wireless communication