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Accurate prediction of a dense spray using an Euler-Lagrange approach ischallenging because of high volume fraction of the dispersed phase due tosubgrid cluster of droplets. To accurately model dense sprays, one needs tocapture this effect by taking into account the spatio-temporal changes in thevolume fraction of the carrier phase due to the motion and presence of thedispersed phase. This leads to zero-Mach number, variable density equationswhich are commonly neglected in the standard two-way coupling spraysimulations. Using pressure-based solvers, this gives rise to a source term inthe pressure Poisson equation and a non-divergence free velocity field. Tovalidate the predictive capability of such approach, an atomizednon-evaporating dilute particulate round jet is first examined using Large EddySimulation coupled with Point-Particle approach and then higher volume loadingsup to 38% are investigated with and without taking into account the volumetricdisplacement effects. It is shown that for volume loadings above 5%, thevolumetric displacement effects enhance dynamics of the flow resulting in ahigher stream-wise mean and r.m.s. velocities compared to the results ofstandard two-way coupling. This is more pronounced for the near field of thejet where local volume fraction of the dispersed phase is relatively high. Thisenhancement is conjectured to be due to the velocity divergence effect due tothe modified continuity equation where spatio-temporal variations in volumefraction of the carrier phase increases velocity in the regions of high voidfraction.

Volumetric Displacement Effects of Dispersed Phase on the Euler-Lagrange Prediction of a Dense Spray