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By revisiting the century-old problem of water bridge, we demonstrate that itis in fact dynamic and comprises of two coaxial water currents that carrydifferent charges and flow in opposite directions. This spontaneous separationis triggered by the different stages to construct the water bridge. Initially,a flow is facilitated by the cone jet that is powered by H+ and flows out ofthe positive-electrode beaker. An opposing cone-jet from negative beaker isestablished later and forced to take the outer route. This spontaneousarrangement of two-way flow is revealed by using fluorescein and carbon powderas tracers, and the Particle Image Velocimetry, These two opposing flows arefound to carry non-equal flux that results in a net transport of water to thenegative beaker. We manage to estimate the flow speed and cross-sectional areaof these co-axial flows as a function of time and applied voltage. Note thatthe water on the outer layer functions as a millimeter tube that confines andinteracts strongly with the flow inside. This provides a first natural and yetcounter example to the recently reported near-frictionless flow in an equallyminiatureized soft wall made from ferrofluid.

Evidence for spontaneous arrangement of two-way flow in water bridge via particle image velocimetry