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In practical propagation environments, different massive MIMO users can havecorrelated angles in spatial paths. In this paper, we study the effect of anglecorrelation on inter-user channel correlation via a combination of measurementand analysis. We show three key results. First, we collect a massive MIMOchannel dataset for examining the inter-user channel correlation in areal-world propagation environment; the dataset is now open-access. We observedchannel correlation higher than $0.48$ for all close-by users. Additionally,over $30$ % of far-away users, even when they are tens of wavelengths apart,have inter-user channel correlation that is at least twice higher than thecorrelation in the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel. Second, we compute theinter-user channel correlation in closed-form as a function of inter-user anglecorrelation, the number of base-station antennas, and base-stationinter-antenna spacing. Our analysis shows that inter-user angle correlationincreases the inter-user channel correlation. Inter-user channel correlationreduces with a larger base-station array aperture, i.e., more antennas andlarger inter-antenna spacing. Third, we explain the measurements with numericalexperiments to show that inter-user angle correlation can result in significantinter-user channel correlation in practical massive MIMO channels.

Massive MIMO Channels with Inter-User Angle Correlation: Open-Access Dataset, Analysis and Measurement-Based Validation