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Crystallization from an amorphous atomic structure is usually seen as aspontaneous process in pursuit of a lower energy state, but for alloy systemsit is often hard to elucidate because of the intrinsic structural andcompositional complexity. Here, by means of electron beam irradiation, we foundsurface-limited, and thus size-dependent crystallization in a system ofmonoatomic Pd metallic glass, which is ascribed to the structural differencesbetween the surface and the interior. The equilibrium thickness of the surfacecrystallization is controllable, presenting a promising approach to fabricatenovel nanostructures. The investigation is believed to provide a generalunderstanding of solid amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition from thenanoscale to the bulk size.

Surface Crystallization of Monoatomic Pd Metallic Glasses