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We investigate excitonic transitions in a h-BN encapsulated monolayer$\textrm{MoS}_2$ phototransistor by photocurrent spectroscopy at cryogenictemperature (T = 5 K). The spectra presents excitonic peaks with linewidths aslow as 8 meV, one order of magnitude lower than in earlier photocurrentspectroscopy measurements. We observe four spectral features corresponding tothe ground states of neutral excitons ($\textrm{X}_{\textrm{1s}}^\textrm{A}$and $\textrm{X}_{\textrm{1s}}^\textrm{B}$) and charged trions($\textrm{T}^\textrm{A}$ and $\textrm{T}^\textrm{B}$) as well as up to eightadditional spectral lines at energies above the$\textrm{X}_{\textrm{1s}}^\textrm{B}$ transition, which we attribute to theRydberg series of excited states of $\textrm{X}^\textrm{A}$ and$\textrm{X}^\textrm{B}$. The relative intensities of the different spectralfeatures can be tuned by the applied gate and drain-source voltages, withtrions and Rydberg excited states becoming more prominent at large gatevoltages. Using an effective-mass theory for excitons in two-dimensionaltransition-metal dichalcogenides we are able to accurately fit the measuredspectral lines and unambiguously associate them with their correspondingRydberg states. The fit also allows us to determine the quasiparticle bandgapand spin-orbit splitting of monolayer $\textrm{MoS}_2$, as well as the excitonbinding energies of $\textrm{X}^\textrm{A}$ and $\textrm{X}^\textrm{B}$.

Excitons, trions and Rydberg states in monolayer MoS2 revealed by low temperature photocurrent spectroscopy