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Multibeam technology enables the use of two or more subbeams for jointcommunication and radio sensing, to meet different requirements of beamwidthand pointing directions. Generating and optimizing multibeam subject to therequirements is critical and challenging, particularly for systems using analogarrays. This paper develops optimal solutions to a range of multibeam designproblems, where both communication and sensing are considered. We first studythe optimal combination of two pre-generated subbeams, and their beamformingvectors, using a combining phase coefficient. Closed-form optimal solutions arederived to the constrained optimization problems, where the received signalpowers for communication and the beamforming waveforms are alternatively usedas the objective and constraint functions. We also develop global optimizationmethods which directly find optimal solutions for a single beamforming vector.By converting the original intractable complex NP-hard global optimizationproblems to real quadratically constrained quadratic programs, near-optimalsolutions are obtained using semidefinite relaxation techniques. Extensivesimulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed constrained multibeamgeneration and optimization methods.

Multibeam Optimization for Joint Communication and Radio Sensing Using Analog Antenna Arrays