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The European Spallation Source (ESS) is intended to become the most powerfulspallation neutron source in the world and the flagship of neutron science inthe upcoming decades. The exceptionally high neutron flux will provide uniqueopportunities for scientific experiments, but also set high requirements forthe detectors. One of the most challenging aspects is the rate capability andin particular the peak instantaneous rate capability, i.e. the number ofneutrons hitting the detector per channel or cm$^2$ at the peak of the neutronpulse. The primary purpose of this paper is to estimate the incident rates thatare anticipated for the BIFROST instrument planned for ESS, and also todemonstrate the use of powerful simulation tools for the correct interpretationof neutron transport in crystalline materials. A full simulation model of theinstrument from source to detector position, implemented with the use ofmultiple simulation software packages is presented. For a single detector tubeinstantaneous incident rates with a maximum of 1.7 GHz for a Bragg peak from asingle crystal, and 0.3 MHz for a vanadium sample are found. This paper alsoincludes the first application of a new pyrolytic graphite model, and acomparison of different simulation tools to highlight their strengths andweaknesses.

A simulational study of the indirect geometry neutron spectrometer,  BIFROST at the European Spallation Source, from neutron source position to  detector position