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In pandemics or epidemics, public health authorities need to rapidly test alarge number of individuals, both to determine the line of treatment as well asto know the spread of infection to plan containment, mitigation and futureresponses. However, the lack of adequate testing kits could be a bottleneck,especially in the case of unanticipated new diseases, such as COVID-19, wherethe testing technology, manufacturing capability, distribution, human skillsand laboratories might be unavailable or in short supply. In addition, the costof the standard PCR test is approximately USD 48, which is prohibitive forpoorer patients and most governments. We address this bottleneck by proposing atest methodology that pools the sample from two (or more) patients in a singletest. The key insight is that a single negative result from a pooled samplelikely implies negative infection of all the individual patients. and Itthereby rules out further tests for the patients. This protocol, therefore,requires significantly fewer tests. This may, however, result in somewhatincreased false negatives. Our simulations show that combining samples from twopatients with 7% underlying likelihood of infection implies that 36% fewer testkits are required, with 14% additional units of time for testing.

Accelerated infection testing at scale: a proposal for inference with single test on multiple patients