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Many vesicles have a spherical resting shape and exposure to fluid flowsinduces an exchange between sub-optical area and visible (systematic)deformation, while the total area is conserved. The dynamics which controls theexchange between sub-optical and visible area depends on membrane propertiessuch as bending rigidity and initial tension. Conversely, observation of thesedynamics can be used to determine the membrane properties. The goal of thiswork is to create a general numerical model which accounts for the exchangebetween sub-optical and visible area. Unlike prior modeling efforts, the modeldoes not pre-assume a shape type, such as nearly-spherical, or applied flowfield, allowing the model to capture a wider variety of flow conditions. Basedon implicit interface tracking and using a volume-preserving multiphaseNavier-Stokes solver, the model is compared to several experimental results,showing excellent agreement. It is used to explore regimes not possible withpreviously published models, such as the variable viscosity case, and how thesesystem properties influence experimentally measurable parameters such asdeformation parameter. By creating a more generalized framework for themodeling of vesicles with sub-optical area, it will now be possible to makepredictions on vesicle material properties from a wider variety of experimentalresults.

Non-equilibrium dynamics of initially spherical vesicles in general flow