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Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) is a technology that derives frommagnetic particle imaging (MPI) and thrives as a standalone platform for manybiological and biomedical applications, benefiting from the facile preparationand chemical modification of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In recent years,MPS has been reported in extensive literatures as a versatile platform fordifferent bioassay purposes using artificially designed MNPs, where the MNPsserve as magnetic tracers, the surface functionalized reagents (e.g.,antibodies, aptamers, peptides, etc.) and tiny probes capturing target analytesfrom biofluid samples. The biochemical complexes on MNP surfaces can betailored for different bioassay requirements, while the design of MNPs are ofless attention for MPS-based bioassays. For MNPs in most bioassay applications,superparamagnetism is prerequisite to avoid agglomerates and false magneticsignals. Single- and multi-core superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) areprevalently used in MPS-based bioassays. In this mini review, we compared thepros & cons of different MPS platforms realizing volumetric- and surface-basedbioassays with single- and multi-core nanoparticles, respectively.

Single-core Or Multi-core? A Mini Review on Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy-based Bioassays