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It seems surprising that when applying widely used random number generatorsto generate one million random numbers on modern architectures, one obtains, onaverage, about 116 collisions. This article explains why, how to mathematicallycompute such a number, why they often cannot be obtained in a straightforwardway, how to numerically compute them in a robust way and, among other things,what would need to be changed to bring this number below 1. The probability ofat least one collision is also briefly addressed, which, as it turns out, againneeds a careful numerical treatment. Overall, the article provides anintroduction to the representation of floating-point numbers on a computer andcorresponding implications in statistics and simulation. All computations arecarried out in R and are reproducible with the code included in this article.

Random number generators produce collisions: Why, how many and more