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The outbreaks of algal blooms occur in both shallow and deep-water bodies. Tocompare the characteristics of algal blooms in the shallow and deep water, weconsider the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman as a case study. While the ArabianGulf is a shallow region dominated by advective features, the Sea of Oman is adeep channel dominated by numerous eddies. Both these regions is have rarelybeen studied due to lack of available data thus preventing the characterizationof phenomenon such as algal blooms in the regions. Nonetheless, a recent uniqueand comprehensive dataset of the frequent algal blooms collected over the lastdecade in the Arabian Gulf and Oman Sea is utilized in this study to analyzethe spatio-temporal variability of the blooms thereof. These data are also usedto characterize the algal bloom species and analyze the relationship betweenthe water properties and the algal blooms in the shallow and deep waters. Thereis a general decreasing trend of the algal bloom events from 2010 to 2018 inthe Arabian Gulf while in the Sea of Oman there is an increasing trend. Wereveal a clear seasonality with the highest frequency of algal blooms duringwinter and spring. We have noticed that algal blooms have the feature of theannual cycle with initial blooms happening in November-December andDecember-January in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman, respectively. Theanalysis further demonstrates that the algal blooms grow better at salinitylevels of 39-40 psu/37-37.5 psu, temperature of 23-24 oC, and pH of 8 in theArabian Gulf/Oman Sea. Findings of this study provide insight into therelationship between water properties and algal bloom frequency, and a basisfor future research into the drivers behind these observed spatio-temporaltrends.

Characterizing Algal blooms in a shallow and a deep channel over a decade (2008-2018)