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We present a new multi-fluid, multi-temperature plasma solver with adaptiveCartesian mesh (ACM) based on a full-Newton (non-linear, implicit) scheme forcollisional low-temperature plasma. The particle transport is described usingthe drift-diffusion approximation for electrons and ions coupled to Poissonequation for electric field. In addition, the electron-energy transportequation is solved to account for electron thermal conductivity, Joule heating,and energy loss of electrons in collisions with neutral species. The rate ofelectron-induced ionization is a function of electron temperature and couldalso depend on electron density (important for plasma stratification). The ionand gas temperature are kept constant. The spatial discretization of thetransport equations uses non-isothermal Scharfetter-Gummel scheme fromsemiconductor physics adapted for multi-dimensional ACM framework. Wedemonstrate the new solver for simulations of direct current (DC) and radiofrequency (RF) discharges. The implicit treatment of the coupled equationsallows using large time steps, and the full-Newton method enables fastnon-linear convergence at each time step, offering greatly improved efficiencyof fluid plasma simulations. We discuss the selection of time steps for solvingdifferent plasma problems. The new solver enables us to solve several problemswe could not solve before with existing software: two- and three-dimensionalstructures of the entire DC discharges including cathode and anode regions withelectric field reversals, normal cathode spot and anode ring, plasmastratification in diffuse and constricted DC discharges, and standingstriations in RF discharges.

Implicit and Coupled Multi-Fluid Solver for Collisional Low-Temperature Plasma