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With the widespread use of biometric systems, the demographic bias problemraises more attention. Although many studies addressed bias issues in biometricverification, there are no works that analyze the bias in presentation attackdetection (PAD) decisions. Hence, we investigate and analyze the demographicbias in iris PAD algorithms in this paper. To enable a clear discussion, weadapt the notions of differential performance and differential outcome to thePAD problem. We study the bias in iris PAD using three baselines (hand-crafted,transfer-learning, and training from scratch) using the NDCLD-2013 database.The experimental results point out that female users will be significantly lessprotected by the PAD, in comparison to males.

Demographic Bias in Presentation Attack Detection of Iris Recognition Systems