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It is commonly held that asynchronous consensus is much more complex,difficult, and costly than partially-synchronous algorithms, especially withoutusing common coins. This paper challenges that conventional wisdom with quesera consensus QSC, an approach to consensus that cleanly decomposes theagreement problem from that of network asynchrony. QSC uses only private coinsand reaches consensus in $O(1)$ expected communication rounds. It relies on"lock-step" synchronous broadcast, but can run atop a threshold logical clock(TLC) algorithm to time and pace partially-reliable communication atop anunderlying asynchronous network. This combination is arguably simpler thanpartially-synchronous consensus approaches like (Multi-)Paxos or Raft withleader election, and is more robust to slow leaders or targeted networkdenial-of-service attacks. The simplest formulations of QSC atop TLC incurexpected $O(n^2)$ messages and $O(n^4)$ bits per agreement, or $O(n^3)$ bitswith straightforward optimizations. An on-demand implementation, in whichclients act as "natural leaders" to execute the protocol atop stateful serversthat merely implement passive key-value stores, can achieve $O(n^2)$ expectedcommunication bits per client-driven agreement.

Que Sera Consensus: Simple Asynchronous Agreement with Private Coins and Threshold Logical Clocks