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Virtual Reality (VR) is rapidly increasing in popularity as a teaching tool.It allows for the creation of a highly immersive, three-dimensional virtualenvironment intended to simulate real-life environments. With more robotssaturating the industry - from manufacturing to healthcare, there is a need totrain end-users on how to set up, operate, tear down, and troubleshoot therobot. Even though VR has become widely used in training surgeons on thepsychomotor skills associated with operating the robot, little research hasbeen done to see how the benefits of VR could translate to teaching the bedsidestaff, tasked with supporting the robot during the full end-to-end surgicalprocedure. We trained 30 participants on how to set up a robotic arm in anenvironment mimicking clinical setup. We divided these participants equallyinto 3 groups with one group trained with paper-based instructions, one withvideo-based instructions and one with VR-based instructions. We then comparedand contrasted these three different training methods. VR and paper-based werehighly favored training mediums over video-based. VR-trained participantsachieved slightly higher fidelity of individual robotic joint angles,suggesting better comprehension of the spatial awareness skills necessary toachieve desired arm positioning. In addition, VR resulted in higherreproducibility of setup fidelity and more consistency in user confidencelevels as compared to paper and video-based training.

On the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-based Training for Robotic Setup