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Current theories suggest that on Earth and, possibly, on other terrestrialplanets early in their history, the first continental crust may has beenproduced by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions,mechanisms and necessary ingredients of such production remain elusive. To fillthis gap, we have conducted experiments of serpentinite melting in the presenceof variable proportions of basaltic melt, at typical conditions of the shallowlithosphere and asthenosphere. These experiments revealed formation ofsilica-rich liquids, which are similar to tonalite-trondhjemite-granodioritemagmas (TTG) identified in modern terrestrial oceanic mantle settings. Ourresults suggest a new mechanism of aqueous fluid-assisted partial melting ofperidotite that may have operated on the early Earth and Mars just after thesolidification of an ultramafic-mafic magma ocean, leading to the formation ofthe first embryos of continental crust. The proposed mechanism of thecontinental crust formation may have been predominant before the onset of platetectonics.

Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth