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Fuel poverty affects between 50 and 125 million households in Europe and is asignificant issue for both developed and developing countries globally. Thismeans that fuel poor residents are unable to adequately warm their home and runthe necessary energy services needed for lighting, cooking, hot water, andelectrical appliances. The problem is complex but is typically caused by threefactors; low income, high energy costs, and energy inefficient homes. In theUnited Kingdom (UK), 4 million families are currently living in fuel poverty.Those in series financial difficulty are either forced to self-disconnect orhave their services terminated by energy providers. Fuel poverty contributed to10,000 reported deaths in England in the winter of 2016-2107 due to homes beingcold. While it is recognized by governments as a social, public health andenvironmental policy issue, the European Union (EU) has failed to provide acommon definition of fuel poverty or a conventional set of indicators tomeasure it. This chapter discusses current fuel poverty strategies across theEU and proposes a new and foundational behavior measurement indicator designedto directly assess and monitor fuel poverty risks in households using smartmeters, Consumer Access Device (CAD) data and machine learning. By detectingActivities of Daily Living (ADLS) through household appliance usage, it ispossible to spot the early signs of financial difficulty and identify whensupport packages are required.

BMI: A Behavior Measurement Indicator for Fuel Poverty Using Aggregated Load Readings from Smart Meters