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Hydraulic fracturing increases reservoir permeability by opening fracturesand triggering slip on natural fractures and faults. While seismic slip ofsmall faults or fault patches is detectable as microseismic events, the role ofaseismic slip is poorly understood. From a modeling standpoint, geomechanicalanalysis using the Coulomb criterion can determine if faults slip but notwhether slip is seismic or aseismic. Here we propose a computationalmethodology to predict fault slip, and whether slip is seismic or aseismic,using rate-and-state friction. To avoid computational costs associated withresolving small faults, we use the spring-slider idealization that treatsfaults as points. Interaction between faults is neglected. The method isapplied to study fault slip from a hydraulic fracture that grows past a fault,without intersecting it. We represent the hydraulic fracture stressing using anasymptotic expansion of stresses around the tip of a tensile crack. Weinvestigate the effect of fault length, orientation, and distance from thehydraulic fracture. For velocity-weakening faults with stiffness smaller than acritical stiffness, slip is seismic, whereas faults with stiffness greater thanthe critical stiffness slip aseismically. Furthermore, we compare thespring-slider idealization with a finite element analysis that resolvesspatially variable slip. The spring-slider idealization provides reasonablyaccurate predictions of moment and even moment-rate history, especially forfaults having stiffness close to or larger than the critical stiffness.Differences appear for large faults where rupture propagation is important,though differences might still be negligible for many applications.

Spring-Slider and Finite Element Modeling of Microseismic Events and Fault Slip during Hydraulic Fracturing