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The realization of ordered strain fields in two-dimensional crystals is anintriguing perspective in many respects, including the instauration of noveltransport regimes and the achievement of enhanced device performances. In thiswork, we demonstrate the possibility to subject micrometric regions ofatomically-thin molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) to giant strains with the desiredordering. Mechanically-deformed MoS2 membranes can be obtained byproton-irradiation of bulk flakes, leading to the formation of monolayer domescontaining pressurized hydrogen. By pre-patterning the flakes via deposition ofpolymeric masks and electron beam lithography, we show that it is possible notonly to control the size and position of the domes, but also to create amechanical constraint. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal that thisconstraint alters remarkably the morphology of the domes, otherwise subject touniversal scaling laws. Upon the optimization of the irradiation and patterningprocesses, unprecedented periodic configurations of large strain gradients --estimated by numerical simulations -- are created, with the highest strainsbeing close to the rupture critical values (> 10 %). The creation of such highstrains is confirmed by Raman experiments. The method proposed here representsan important step towards the strain engineering of two-dimensional crystals.

Engineered creation of periodic giant, non-uniform strains in MoS2 monolayers