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A systematic review of main physical effects generated by ion exchange insilicate glasses is presented. Ion concentration distributions, residual stressprofiles, and refractive index effects are discussed with particular attentionon the physical and mathematical underpinnings of the ion exchange process. Thestudy has the purpose of presenting a scientific foundation to enable futuredevelopments in the field. In this respect, the objective of this article ismore educational than to present new research results. Appendixes are includedto consider the detail of some specific topics without disrupting thecontinuity of the overall discussion. Despite the review approach of thisstudy, some original topics are included, such as the concentrationdistribution with variable boundary conditions and residual stress profile withanomalies due to different relaxation mechanisms, viz., either isochoric andnon-isochoric and stress driven or free energy driven. The time scale of thedifferent relaxation mechanisms results, for some specific glass chemicalcompositions, in the appearance of a subsurface compression maximumprogressively moving apart from glass surface and eventually turning in areversal from compression into tensile state upon prolonged ion exchangeprocesses. Finally, a broad discussion on optical effects induced by ionexchange is presented, paying particular attention to the possibility ofexperimental determination of residual stress profile.

Ion Exchange in Silicate Glasses: Physics of Ion Concentration, Residual Stress, and Refractive Index Profiles