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Fungi live within diverse environments and survive well under extremeconditions that are usually beyond the tolerance of most other organisms. Indifferent environments fungi are known to induce precipitation of a wide rangeof minerals. Various species of fungi have been shown to facilitate calciumcarbonate mineralization. Here, inspired by examples of needle-fiber calciteformed via fungus-induced biomineralization typically observed in soils andsediments, we utilized inactivated fungus to synthetically induce precipitationof CaCO3 needles. To our knowledge, the feasibility of growing aragoniticneedles within fungal mycelium in vitro has not been previously demonstrated.The needles we obtained were curved, displayed hexagonal facets, anddemonstrated high-aspect ratios close to 60. The size and shape of thesesynthetic needles matched those of the mycelium of the natural fungus.Utilizing high-resolution characterization techniques, we studied themorphology and the micro- and nanostructures of the aragonitic needles. Ourfindings showed that even inactivated fungal mycelium, if present in thecrystallization environment, can serve as a template for the formation ofhigh-aspect ratio fibers and can stabilize metastable polymorphs.

A fungal mycelium templates the growth of aragonite needles