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Planning for power systems with high penetrations of variable renewableenergy requires higher spatial and temporal granularity. However, most publiclyavailable test systems are of insufficient fidelity for developing methods andtools for high-resolution planning. This paper presents methods to constructopen-access test systems of high spatial resolution to more accuratelyrepresent infrastructure and high temporal resolution to represent dynamics ofdemand and variable resources.  To demonstrate, a high-resolution test system representing the United Statesis created using only publicly available data. This test system is validated byrunning it in a production cost model, with results compared against historicalgeneration to ensure that they are representative. The resulting open sourcetest system can support power system transition planning and aid in developmentof tools to answer questions around how best to reach decarbonization goals,using the most effective combinations of transmission expansion, renewablegeneration, and energy storage.

U.S. Test System with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution for Renewable Integration Studies