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Multi-antenna technologies such as massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(massive MIMO) and beamforming are key features to enhance performance, interms of capacity and coverage, by using a large number of antennasintelligently. With the upcoming 5G New Radio (NR), FD-MIMO (Full DimensionMIMO) will play a major key role. FD-MIMO consists in arranging a large numberof antennas in a 2D array, which enables to use 3D beamforming i.e.,beamforming in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The present paperprovides a 3D beamforming model where beam steering depends on the randomspatial distribution of users. We attempt to derive some analytical resultsregarding the probability distribution of antenna beamforming radiationpattern. Also, through system level simulations, we show how 3D beamforming canreduce interference impact, compared to the traditional 2D beamforming, andenhances system performance in terms of the coverage probability and usersthroughput.

A 3D Beamforming Scheme Based on The Spatial Distribution of User Locations