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Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) is emerging as a potential green enabler formassive Internet of Things (IoT). Herein, we analyze Channel State Information(CSI)-free multi-antenna strategies for powering wirelessly a large set ofsingle-antenna IoT devices. The CSI-free schemes are AA-SS (AA-IS), where allantennas transmit the same (independent) signal(s), and SA, where just oneantenna transmits at a time such that all antennas are utilized during thecoherence block. We characterize the distribution of the provided energy undercorrelated Rician fading for each scheme and find out that while AA-IS and SAcannot take advantage of the multiple antennas to improve the average providedenergy, its dispersion can be significantly reduced. Meanwhile, AA-SS providesthe greatest average energy, but also the greatest energy dispersion, and thegains depend critically on the mean phase shifts between the antenna elements.We find that consecutive antennas must be $\pi$ phase-shifted for optimumaverage energy performance under AA-SS. Our numerical results evidenced thatcorrelation is beneficial under AA-SS, while a greater line of sight (LOS)and/or number of antennas is not always beneficial under such scheme.Meanwhile, both AA-IS and SA schemes benefit from small correlation, large LOSand/or large number of antennas.

On CSI-free Multi-Antenna Schemes for Massive RF Wireless Energy Transfer