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Context: Requirements quality can have a substantial impact on theeffectiveness and efficiency of using requirements artifacts in a developmentprocess. Quantifiers such as "at least", "all", or "exactly" are commonlanguage constructs used to express requirements. Quantifiers can be formulatedby affirmative phrases ("At least") or negative phrases ("Not less than").Problem: It is long assumed that negation in quantification negatively affectsthe readability of requirements, however, empirical research on these topicsremains sparse. Principal Idea: In a web-based experiment with 51 participants,we compare the impact of negations and quantifiers on readability in terms ofreading effort, reading error rate and perceived reading difficulty ofrequirements. Results: For 5 out of 9 quantifiers, our participants performedbetter on the affirmative phrase compared to the negative phrase. Only for onequantifier, the negative phrase was more effective. Contribution: This researchfocuses on creating an empirical understanding of the effect of language inRequirements Engineering. It furthermore provides concrete advice on how tophrase requirements.

How do Quantifiers Affect the Quality of Requirements?