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In this paper we present the first comprehensive study of the multi-usercapacity of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) urban cellular networks, usingsite-specific ray-tracing propagation data and realistic antenna arraypatterns. We compare the performance of TDMA and SDMA (time and spatialdivision multiple access, respectively) for diverse network scenarios andantenna configurations. We propose a greedy heuristic algorithm to solve thenetwork-wide directional link allocation problem, thereby estimating theachievable capacity and coverage of multi-user mm-wave networks. Our resultsshow that inter-cell interference is negligible, so that TDMA performance isstrictly limited by air-time sharing. By contrast, the major limiting factorfor SDMA is intra-cell interference, emphasizing the impact of real antennaarray sidelobes. Nonetheless, SDMA significantly outperforms TDMA in terms ofaverage UE throughput, by up to 2 Gbps using 8x8 arrays. As an important designinsight, our results show that larger base station antenna arrays limitintra-cell interference while compensating for small UE arrays, reducing costsand beamforming requirements in practical SDMA networks. Our analysis alsoshows that the limited number of antenna sub-arrays in a practical hybridbeamforming architecture may force SDMA to drop UEs with good coverage,highlighting a tradeoff between base station densification and antennaresources.

Multi-User Provisioning in Millimeter-Wave Urban Cellular Networks