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Low-power quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) design utilizingtransformer-feedback and current-reuse techniques with increased frequencyrange is proposed in this paper. With increasing demand for QVCOs in on-chipapplications, the conventional spiral inductor based approaches for QVCOs hasbecome a major bottleneck due to their large size. To address this concern, wepropose to replace the conventional spiral inductor based approaches withthrough-silicon-via (TSV) inductor based approach in three-dimensionalintegrated circuits (3D ICs). In addition, the proposed QVCO circuit canprovide higher frequency range of operation compared with conventional designs.Experimental results show by replacing conventional spiral transformers withTSV transformers, up to 3.9x reduction in metal resource consumption. Theproposed QVCOs achieves a phase noise of -114 $dBc/Hz$@1 $MHz$ and -111.2$dBc/Hz$@1 $MHz$ at the carrier of 2.5 $GHz$ for toroidal TSV transformedbased-QVCO and vertical spiral transformer based-QVCO respectively. The powerconsumption is only 1.5 $mW$ and 1.7 $mW$ for toroidal TSV transformedbased-QVCO and vertical spiral transformer based-QVCO respectively, under thesupply voltage of 0.7 $V$.

An Improved Quadrature Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with Through-Silicon-Via Inductor in Three-dimensional Integrated Circuits