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The recycling of lithium ion batteries has been mentioned as one of thenear-future waste management necessities. In order for recycling to beeconomically viable, straightforward and cost effective techniques need to bedeveloped to separate the individual materials in a composite electrode.Ultrasonic separation might be such a technique, provided that lithium ionbattery microparticles respond predictably to a sound field. Lithium ionbattery cathodes contain hydrophobic carbon. Owing to the incompressibility ofa solid, the thin gaseous layer surrounding these hydrophobic particles mustoscillate asymmetrically, when subjected to ultrasound. Consequently, theharmonic content of the ultrasound signal radiated from hydrophobicmicroparticles must be higher than that from hydrophilic microparticles withthe same size. The question of whether the harmonic signal response generatedby physical hydrophobic microparticles present in lithium ion battery cathodesis higher than the harmonic response of other component materials in thecathode is the focus of this paper. The scattering response of cathodematerials subjected to 1-MHz ultrasound was measured and compared. The cathodematerials C65, PVDF, and NMC respond differently to 1-MHz ultrasound. Thesuperharmonic response of C65 has been attributed to asymmetric oscillationsowing to its hydrophobicity. In addition, C65 hydrophobic microparticles mightbe suitable candidates for harmonic imaging.

Ultrasonic identification technique in recycling of lithium ion batteries