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In these proceedings we address the computation of quark-line disconnecteddiagrams in lattice QCD. The evaluation of these diagrams is required for manyphenomenologically interesting observables, but suffers from large statisticalerrors due to the vacuum and random-noise contributions to their variances.Motivated by a theoretical analysis of the variances, we introduce a new familyof stochastic estimators of single-propagator traces built upon a frequencysplitting combined with a hopping expansion of the quark propagator, and testtheir efficiency in two-flavour QCD with pions as light as 190 MeV. The use ofthese estimators reduces the cost of the computation by one to two orders ofmagnitude over standard estimators depending on the fermion bilinear. As aconcrete application, we show the impact of these findings on the computationof the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magneticmoment.

Frequency-splitting estimators for single-propagator traces