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Abundance of fecal coliform (FC) is widely used to indicate the potentialpresence of pathogens, the No.1 cause of water impairments in the U.S. Despiteextensive monitoring efforts, assessing and modeling FC pollution still faceschallenges, largely owing to the uncertainties in estimation of overall removalrate (K). This study proposes an alternative method to estimate in situ K bycombining observational data, hydrodynamic simulation, and analytical solution.The method requires the observed spatial distribution of FC concentration alongan estuarine channel and the numerically-simulated transit time, and convertsthe K estimation from a temporal problem into a spatial problem, potentiallyreducing survey duration, effort, and cost. Application of the method gave anestimation of K = 0.5 d-1 on average for the Nassawadox Creek in ChesapeakeBay. The numerical and analytical model results with the estimated K agreedwell with the observation, demonstrating the credibility of the method.

Using observed bacteria concentration and modeled transit time under an  analytical framework to estimate overall removal rate of fecal coliform in an  estuary