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Brillouin imaging is increasingly recognized to be a powerful technique thatenables non-invasive measurement of the mechanical properties of cells andtissues on a microscopic scale. This provides an unprecedented tool forinvestigating cell mechanobiology, cell-matrix interactions, tissuebiomechanics in healthy and disease conditions and other fundamental biologicalquestions. Recent advances in optical hardware have particularly acceleratedthe development of the technique, with increasingly finer spectral resolutionand more powerful system capabilities. We envision that further developmentswill enable translation of Brillouin imaging to assess clinical specimens andsamples for disease screening and monitoring. The purpose of this review is tosummarize the state-of-the-art in Brillouin microscopy and imaging with aspecific focus on biological tissue and cell measurements. Key system andoperational requirements will be discussed to facilitate wider application ofBrillouin imaging along with current challenges for translation of thetechnology for clinical and medical applications.

Brillouin imaging for studies of micromechanics in biology and biomedicine: from current state-of-the-art to future clinical translation